An analytical overview of the composition and characteristics of China's food safety standards.

This paper discusses the framework of China's food safety standards and provides a brief overview of the problems and developmental characteristics of food safety in China. The composition and characteristics of China's food safety standards are revealed by an analysis of the changes in China's general food standards, an overview of the characteristics of the hygiene requirements in the production and operation process, and an introduction to food product and test method standards. In conclusion, Chinese food safety standards are still being improved, but they must also be effectively implemented and followed up in real time in order to continuously improve the quality of food and reduce food safety incidents. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Antifungal mechanism of rose, mustard, and their blended essential oils against Cladosporium allicinum isolated from Xinjiang naan and its storage application.

AIMS: To reveal the inhibition mechanism of rose, mustard, and blended essential oils against Cladosporium allicinum isolated from Xinjiang naan, and investigate the effect of the three essential oils on oxidative damage and energy metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rose and mustard essential oils significantly inhibited mycelial growth and spore viability in a dose-dependent relationship. After essential oil treatment, the cell membrane permeability was altered, and significant leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids occurred. SEM observations further confirmed the disruption of cell structure. ROS, MDA, and SOD measurements indicated that essential oil treatment induced a redox imbalance in C. allicinum, leading to cell death. As for energy metabolism, essential oil treatment significantly reduced Na+K+-ATPase, Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase, MDH activity, and CA content, impairing metabolic functions. Finally, storage experiments showed that all three essential oils ensured better preservation of naan, with mustard essential oil having the best antifungal effect. CONCLUSIONS: Rose and mustard essential oils and their blends can inhibit C. allicinum at multiple targets and pathways, destroying cell morphological structure and disrupting metabolic processes.

Geographical differentiation of garlic based on HS-GC-IMS combined with multivariate statistical analysis.

Garlic is famous for its unique flavor and health benefits. An effective means of authenticating garlic's origin is through the implementation of the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) scheme. However, the prevalence of fraudulent behavior raises concerns regarding the reliability of this system. In this study, garlic samples from six distinct production areas (G1: Cangshan garlic, G2: Qixian garlic, G3: Dali single clove garlic, G4: Jinxiang garlic, G5: Yongnian garlic, and G6: Badong garlic) underwent analysis using HS-GC-IMS. A total of 26 VOCs were detected in the samples. The differences in VOCs among the different garlic samples were visually presented in a two-dimensional topographic map and fingerprint map. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were employed to demonstrate the capacity of the HS-GC-IMS method for effectively distinguishing garlic samples from different geographical sources. Further screening based on the p-value and VIP score threshold identified 12 different aroma substances, which can be utilized for the identification of garlic from different producing areas. The fusion of HS-GC-IMS with multivariate statistical analysis proved to be a rapid, intuitive, and efficient approach for identifying and categorizing garlic VOCs, offering a novel strategy for ascertaining garlic origin and ensuring quality control.

Analysis on Foodborne Pathogen Contamination of Food Samples in Longnan City from 2013 to 2022.

The objective was to determine the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in food in Longnan City, Gansu Province, China. In this research, we conducted tests on baked foods, catering foods, meat, and fruits and vegetables sold in supermarkets, farmers' markets, restaurants, retail stores, street stalls, and school canteens from 2013 to 2022. We analyzed the variety of foodborne pathogens (Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli) in different sites and food types. Once foodborne pathogens were detected in the sample, it was deemed unqualified. The total detection rates of foodborne pathogens were 1.559%, 3.349%, 1.980%, 1.040%, 3.383%, and 1.303% in food from supermarkets, farmers' markets, restaurants, retail stores, street stalls, and school canteens, respectively. No pathogenic bacteria were detected in baked foods. Salmonella, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, B. cereus, and diarrheagenic E. coli were detected in catering foods, among which B. cereus had the highest detection rate. Salmonella was the most common pathogenic bacteria detected in meat, while the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in fruits and vegetables was low, with only one positive sample for diarrheagenic E. coli. Among the six sites, street stalls (3.382%) and farmers' markets (3.349%) had higher detection rates of pathogens. In general, the detection rate of pathogens from 2013 to 2022 was not high, but there were also some hidden dangers. Catering food is vulnerable to pathogen contamination, and street stalls and farmers' markets are the main sites of pollution. According to the above findings, the regulatory authorities should continue to strengthen supervision, guarantee food safety through early warning, and reduce the risk of food contamination.

Quality assessment of rose tea with different drying methods based on physicochemical properties, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and GC-IMS.

The purpose of this study is to compare the physicochemical properties and volatile flavor compounds of rose tea obtained by the methods of normal temperature drying, hot-air drying (HAD), and vacuum freeze-drying (VFD) and to evaluate the quality of rose tea. The physicochemical results showed that the content of ascorbic acid (VC) and the pH value was the highest in rose tea obtained by HAD. The contents of anthocyanin, proanthocyanidins, and total phenols were highest in rose tea obtained by VFD. However, there was no significant difference in total flavonoids between drying methods. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in rose tea with different drying methods were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and HS GC-ion mobility spectroscopy (HS-GC-IMS), and the flavor fingerprint of rose tea was established by principal component analysis (PCA). The concentration of VOCs in rose tea varied greatly with different drying methods. The main flavor compounds of rose tea were alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and terpenoids. HS-GC-IMS was used for the identification of volatile flavor compounds of rose tea, thereby helping to assess the quality of rose tea. In addition, the rose tea samples with different drying methods were well distinguished by PCA. This study deepens the understanding of the physicochemical properties and volatile flavor compounds of rose tea with different drying methods and provides a reference for the identification of rose tea with different drying methods. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study deepens the understanding of the physicochemical properties and volatile flavor compounds of rose tea with different drying methods and provides a reference for the identification of rose tea with different drying methods. It also provides an effective theoretical basis for consumers to buy rose tea.

Effects of different seasons on bacterial community structure in rose rhizosphere soil.

TO explore the changes of rhizosphere soil bacterial community of Rosa rugosa "Fenghua", Rosa rugosa cv. Plena and Rosa rugosa "Zizhi" in different seasons, the Illumina Miseq sequencing and the correlation network analysis of dominant flora was used. The results showed that the bacterial communities were mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, with Sphingomonas, GP6, GP4, Novosphingobium, Wps-1_genera_incertae_sedis, and Massilia as the dominant genera. The correlation network analysis showed that, as the dominant group with the highest relative abundance, Sphingomonas had a significant positive correlation with Gemmatimonas, Aridibacter, GP3, GP4, and Flavisolibacter, and a significant negative correlation with Solirubrobacter, indicating that it could work synergistically with a variety of microorganisms to contribute to soil metabolism and the growth and development of roses. The results revealed the diversity of microbial structures in the rhizosphere soil of Rosa rugosa "Fenghua", Rosa rugosa cv. Plena and Rosa rugosa "Zizhi", and this will provide a theoretical basis for exploring the change rules of microbial communities, screening and utilizing beneficial microorganisms, and maintaining the growth and development of roses. KEY POINTS: • Variations from season to season significantly affected the bacterial community structure. • There was less variability in the bacterial community structure between rose varieties. • Sphingomonas was the dominant bacterium in all seasons.

Characterization and correlation of dominant bacteria and volatile compounds in post-fermentation process of Ba-bao Douchi.

Ba-bao Douchi, traditionally produced and spontaneously fermented for 1-2 years, has a unique flavor. However, little information is known about microorganisms and volatile flavors, particularly their relationship. In this study, the aroma profiles including the key aroma compounds, and bacterial communities were characterized and the correlations between dominant bacterial genera with key aroma compounds were studied during the post-fermentation of Ba-bao Douchi. The research showed that 12 bacterial genera were identified as the dominant genus by high-throughput sequencing. A total of 84 volatile compounds were detected by HS-GC-IMS and HS-SPME-GC-MS. Odor activity value (OAV) and gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) were combined to determine the key volatile compounds, and the main volatile compounds including ethyl hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, isovaleraldehyde, (+)-α-pinene, beta-phellandrene, were found to be responsible for the strong fruitiness, chocolate fragrance, fresh scent flavor, and ginger flavor of Ba-bao Douchi. Pearson correlation analysis showed that 5 dominant bacterial genera were positively associated with > 6 key volatile compounds (p < 0.01, |r| > 0.7). Thus, these bacterial genera might have an effect on the biosynthesis of volatile components. This study provides a theoretical reference for revealing the functional microorganisms and improving the flavor quality of Ba-bao Douchi.

Development of multifarious carrier materials and impact conditions of immobilised microbial technology for environmental remediation: A review.

Microbial technology is the most sustainable and eco-friendly method of environmental remediation. Immobilised microorganisms were introduced to further advance microbial technology. In immobilisation technology, carrier materials distribute a large number of microorganisms evenly on their surface or inside and protect them from external interference to better treat the targets, thus effectively improving their bioavailability. Although many carrier materials have been developed, there have been relatively few comprehensive reviews. Therefore, this paper summarises the types of carrier materials explored in the last ten years from the perspective of structure, microbial activity, and cost. Among these, carbon materials and biofilms, as environmentally friendly functional materials, have been widely applied for immobilisation because of their abundant sources and favorable growth conditions for microorganisms. The novel covalent organic framework (COF) could also be a new immobilisation material, due to its easy preparation and high performance. Different immobilisation methods were used to determine the relationship between carriers and microorganisms. Co-immobilisation is particularly important because it can compensate for the deficiencies of a single immobilisation method. This paper emphasises that impact conditions also affect the immobilisation effect and function. In addition to temperature and pH, the media conditions during the preparation and reaction of materials also play a role. Additionally, this study mainly reviews the applications and mechanisms of immobilised microorganisms in environmental remediation. Future development of immobilisation technology should focus on the discovery of novel and environmentally friendly carrier materials, as well as the establishment of optimal immobilisation conditions for microorganisms. This review intends to provide references for the development of immobilisation technology in environmental applications and to further the improve understanding of immobilisation technology.

The complete chloroplast genome of Yishui Lily 140 (Liliaceae Lilium lancifolium) yielded by next-generation sequencing.

Yishui Lily 140 (Lilium lancifolium) is a hybrid lily species which was bred from wild lily varieties due to its edible and medicinal value. In this study, we have sequenced the complete chloroplast (cp) of L. lancifolium. The complete cp sequence is 152,643 bp long, with a large single copy (LSC) region of 82,084 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,513 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,492 bp each. The GC contents of the complete cp genomes are 37.0%. It contains 132 genes, including 86 coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs, and 38 transfer RNAs. Among them, 16 different genes have a single intron and the remaining two genes have double introns, including nine cis-splicing and one trans-splicing genes. Compared with other species, we found three high variation hot spots and 96 repeats sequence. The genetic information of Lilium can be enriched as well as identifying proximal species. They are edible and have medicinal value for humans. Therefore, sequencing of Yishui Lily 140 is important to explore the cp genome composition.

Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of fungal pathogens isolated from diseased fish in Xinjiang, China.

The outbreaks of fungal diseases in cultured fish have been severe in recent years, which is harmful to the healthy and sustainable development of fish farming. In this study, an investigation was conducted for significant fungal infections of 12 species of fish in four regions in Xinjiang, China, to understand the distribution of local fish fungal pathogens. Twenty-six fungal strains with pathogenicity were isolated, and the challenge experiment showed that eight strains from Changji area had high infection rate to fish eggs. Based on internal transcribed spacer sequence data and molecular analysis, the 26 strains were classified into nine different species of six fungal genera. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all strains were divided into two clades, namely Cluster 1 (contains only the genus Mucor) and Cluster 2 (consists of five small branches), and the distribution of strains from the same region was scattered in two clusters. There is no strict host selectivity for these fungi to infect fish. Mucor sp. are the main fungal pathogen of fish in these four regions, whereas Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Carassius auratus are two types of fish that were susceptible to pathogen. In addition, the environmental adaptability experiments showed that eight highly pathogenic strains have different adaptability to the environment, and their optimum temperature and pH were 25°C and 7.0, respectively, whereas the concentration of NaCl was negatively correlated with the growth of strains. Therefore, these results indicated that the coinfection of multiple fungal pathogens in a culture region should be considered in the future study.

The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Kashgarian loach (Triplophysa yarkandensis) from Bosten Lake.

Triplophysa yarkandensis is a specific cobitidae species that is endemic to Xinjiang Tarim River basin, China. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of T. yarkandensis from Bosten Lake was determined in this study (Accession number MN821008). The mitogenome (16,552 bp) consists of 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 control region (D-loop region). The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the T. yarkandensis provides an important data set for further study in genetic mechanism and classification.

The complete mitochondrial genome of a microalgae Chlamydomonas moewusii strain XJCH-01 from Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, China.

Chlamydomonas moewusii is a microalga isolated from the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, China. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of C. moewusii strain XJCH-01 was determined in this study (Accession number MT015649). The mitogenome (22,887 bp, 34.58% G + C) consists of 7 protein-coding genes (PCG), discontinuous large and small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and 4 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the C. moewusii strain XJCH-01 enriches data resources for further study in genetic and functional evolution.

Synthesis of Porous Biochar Containing Graphitic Carbon Derived From Lignin Content of Forestry Biomass and Its Application for the Removal of Diclofenac Sodium From Aqueous Solution.

Porous biochar containing graphitic carbon materials have received great attention from various disciplines, especially for environmental pollutant treatment, due to their cost-effective and specific textural properties. This study exhibited a two-step strategy to compose lignin-porous biochar containing graphitic carbon (LPGC) from pitch pine sawdust and investigated its adsorptive removal for diclofenac sodium (DCF) from an aqueous solution. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was utilized to obtain lignin content from biomass and potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) and was adopted to fulfill the synchronous carbonization and graphitization of LPGC. Through slow pyrolysis in atmospheric N2 (900°C - 2 h), the structure of the as-prepared sample was successfully modified. Using SEM images, a stripped layer structure was observed on the H2SO4-treated sample for both one-step and two-step activated samples, indicating the pronounced effect of H2SO4 in the layering of materials. K2FeO4 acted as an activator and catalyst to convert biomass into the porous graphitic structure. The BET surface area, XRD and Raman spectra analyses demonstrated that LPGC possessed a micro/mesoporous structure with a relatively large surface area (457.4 m2 g-1) as well as the presence of a graphitic structure. Further adsorption experiments revealed that LPGC exhibited a high DCF adsorption capacity (qmax = 159.7 mg g-1 at 298 K, pH = 6.5). The effects of ambient conditions such as contact time, solution pH, temperature, ionic strength, electrolyte background on the uptake of DCF were investigated by a batch adsorption experiment. Results indicated that the experimental data were best fitted with the pseudo second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the adsorption of DCF onto the LPGC process was spontaneous and endothermic. Electrostatic interaction, H-bonding interaction, and π-π interaction are the possible adsorption mechanisms. The porous biochar containing graphitic carbon obtained from the lignin content of pitch pine sawdust may be a potential material for eliminating organic pollutants from water bodies.

Assessment of endophytic bacterial diversity in rose by high-throughput sequencing analysis.

The endophytic bacterial diversity of rose was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA and functional prediction of the bacterial community. The number of bacterial sequence reads obtained from 18 rose samples ranged from 63,951 to 114,833, and reads were allocated to 1982 OTUs based on sequences of the V3-V4 region. The highest Shannon Index was found in Luogang rose (1.93), while the lowest was found in Grasse rose (0.35). The bacterial sequence reads were grouped into three different phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, Bacillus and Staphylococcus had the highest abundance across all 18 samples; Bacillus was particularly abundant in Daguo rose (99.09%), Rosa damascena (99.65%), and Fenghua rose (99.58%). Unclassified OTUs were also found in all samples. PICRUSt gene prediction revealed that each endophyte sample contained multiple KEGG functional modules related to human metabolism and health. A high abundance of functional genes were involved in (1) Amino Acid Metabolism, (2) Carbohydrate Metabolism, (3) Cellular Processes and Signaling, (4) Energy Metabolism, and (5) Membrane Transport, indicating that the endophytic community comprised a wide variety of microorganisms and genes that could be used for further studies. The rose endophytic bacterial community is rich in diversity; community composition varies among roses and contains functional information related to human health.

Black mulberry ethanol extract attenuates atherosclerosis-related inflammatory factors and downregulates PPARγ and CD36 genes in experimental atherosclerotic rats.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the pathological basis of various vascular diseases and currently is seriously affecting human health. Numerous studies have paid more attention to natural medicines with anti-AS properties. As a traditional Uygur folk medicine, black mulberry fruits are conventionally used in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in southern Xinjiang of China, and their underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our previous study revealed that the ethanol extract of black mulberry (EEBM) inhibited AS development by improving lipid metabolism abnormalities, enhancing anti-oxidative activities, and reducing atherosclerotic lesions of atherosclerotic rats. Based on this, our objective was to further investigate the effects of EEBM on the expression of AS-related inflammatory factors and the key genes PPARγ and CD36 of the ox-LDL-PPARγ-CD36 feed-forward cycle in experimental atherosclerotic rats. Black mulberry fruits were extracted with acid ethanol and chromatographed on an AB-8 macroporous resin to obtain EEBM. All experimental rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal, model, model plus simvastatin (5 mg/kg d·body weight), and model plus low-dose and high-dose EEBM groups (105 and 210 mg/kg d·body weight, respectively). Serum levels of the inflammatory factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ and CD36 in atherosclerotic rats' liver tissue and thoracic aorta were determined by Q-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. EEBM at high dose effectively attenuated the abnormally expressed AS-related inflammatory factors of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9, and CRP in atherosclerotic rats by 41.5%, 66.1%, 77.5%, and 79.5%, respectively. After treatment with high dose EEBM, the elevated-expressions of PPARγ and CD36 at the mRNA and protein levels in atherosclerotic rats were found to be obviously downregulated at both levels. These results demonstrate that EEBM might lessen the AS-related inflammatory reaction, and then inhibit the formation of ox-LDL, consequently downregulating the expression of PPARγ and CD36 at the mRNA and protein levels, thus reducing macrophage-foam-cell formation and prohibiting the development of atherosclerotic plaque through the ox-LDL-PPARγ-CD36 feed-forward cycle, which can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of AS in atherosclerotic rats.

The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Yimeng black goat (Capra hircus) and its potential application in mutton discrimination.

Yimeng black goat is one of the national breeds of geographical indication in China and is one of the key protected local livestock and poultry breeds of Shandong province. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Yimeng black goat was investigated in this study (GenBank accession no. MT134111). The mitogenome (16,640 bp) consisted of a non-coding control region (D-loop region), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence and the neighbour-joining tree of the Yimeng black goat would contribute to further study in genetic mechanism and phylogenomic research of goats.

Synergistic removal of copper and tetracycline from aqueous solution by steam-activated bamboo-derived biochar.

Steam-activated biochar (SBC) was prepared and showed excellent performance for synergistic removal of Cu2+ and tetracycline (TC). The adsorption capacity of SBC and mutual effect of TC and Cu2+ were investigated via single and binary system and the adsorption isotherm. The adsorption capacity of TC was significantly enhanced when it coexisted with Cu2+. Likewise, increased amounts of Cu2+ were adsorbed in the presence of TC. The presence of NaCl exerted a negative influence on the adsorption of Cu2+, while the inhibitory effect of salinity on TC was neutralized by bridge enhancement in the binary system. Bridge enhancement and site competition were involved in the synergistic removal of TC and Cu2+. Considering the stable application in simulated and real water samples, SBC showed great potential for synergistic removal of antibiotics and heavy metals.

Graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites used for antibiotics removal in water treatment: A review.

Due to their extensive application in human and veterinary medicine, antibiotics have been found worldwide and studied as new pollutants in the aquatic environment. In order to remove such pollutants, adsorption and photocatalysis have attracted tremendous attention because of their great potential in antibiotics removal from aqueous solutions. Graphene, as a novel two-dimensional nanomaterial, possesses unique structure and physicochemical properties, which can be used to efficiently adsorb and photodegrade antibiotics. This review provides an overview of the adsorptive and catalytic properties of graphene, and recent advances in adsorption and photodegradation of antibiotics by graphene and its derivatives. The factors that affect the adsorption and photodegradation of antibiotics are reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of adsorption and photodegradation are summarized and analyzed. Meanwhile, statistical analysis is conducted based on the number of papers and the maximum adsorption and photodegradation ability on various antibiotics removal. Finally, some unsolved problems together with major challenges that exist in the fabrication and application of graphene-based nanocomposites and the development for antibiotics removal is also proposed. This work provides theoretical guidance for subsequent research in the field of adsorption and photocatalytic removal of antibiotics from aqueous solution, especially on influence factors and mechanisms aspects.

Enhancement of Detoxification of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals in Oil-Contaminated Soil by Using Glycine-ß-Cyclodextrin.

Soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals is a widespread environmental problem. In recent years, cyclodextrin has attracted research interest because of its special hole structure that can form inclusion complexes with certain small molecules. However, the solubility of ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) in water is low and it crystallizes easily, leading to its low utilization in practice. In this experiment, we connected ß-CD with glycine under alkaline conditions to prepare glycine-ß-cyclodextrin (G-ß-CD), which is water soluble, has stronger coordinating ability with heavy metals, and is more suitable for treating oil-contaminated soil. The results show that G-ß-CD provides better desorption of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in soils with low organic matter content (1%) and NaNO3 of 0.25 mol/L at 70 g/L G-ß-CD under mildly acidic (pH 5⁻6) conditions. The results indicate that petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals were removed simultaneously by means of pretreatment with G-ß-CD, and the results can provide a theoretical basis for remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil.

Adsorption studies of 17ß-estradiol from aqueous solution using a novel stabilized Fe-Mn binary oxide nanocomposite.

The removal of 17ß-estradiol (E2) from contaminated water on nanoscale Fe-Mn binary oxide-loaded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs/FMBO) was evaluated in this work. The characterizations of the mesoporous adsorbent were analyzed by using SEM, TEM, VSM, XRD, XPS, and FTIR measurements. The effects of experimental conditions in E2 removal, including stabilizer additional level, adsorption time, initial E2 concentration, solution pH, reaction temperature, and foreign ions, were examined. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) of MWCNTs/FMBO for E2 in the experiment was 47.25 mg/g as verified by the Langmuir sorption isotherm study. The adsorption process was pH-sensitive with an optimum pH of 7.0. On the kinetics study, the adsorption data could be satisfactorily fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermal. In addition, the foreign ions did not show any noticeable inhibition for E2 removal from the water solution except for PO43- that was adversely affected for E2 uptake than other anions in a certain concentration. The adsorption capacities of the mesoporous adsorbent remained at 86.16% even after five adsorption-desorption cycles without significant loss of capacity, which demonstrated the stability and reusability for further removal of E2. Moreover, both hydrogen bond and π-π interaction might be the dominating adsorption mechanisms for E2 adsorption onto MWCNTs/FMBO.